Yes. In a small randomized study from Sweden, a single 25 mg psilocybin session with psychotherapy improved depression scores faster than an active placebo (100 mg niacin): the primary endpoint at day 8 favored psilocybin, and the advantage persisted to day 42 on clinician ratings, with self-reported improvement visible from day 2 to day 102, as reported in JAMA Network Open.
By 12 months the groups no longer differed significantly. Remission at day 42 was 52.9 percent with psilocybin vs 5.9 percent with niacin, but after a year it was 52.9 vs 41.2 percent.
Caveats: only 35 participants, blinding largely failed which can boost expectancy effects, and while most adverse events were mild to moderate, two psilocybin participants had severe, persistent anxiety requiring medical attention. These results are preliminary and may not generalize.
Bottom line: faster early effects were observed, but a clear long-term advantage over placebo was not shown.